Arithmetic Calculations in SenseTalk
You can perform mathematical operations in SenseTalk by using mathematical operators as well as a variety of commands and functions. For detailed information about using operators, see the Expressions page, which describes the basics of using expressions in SenseTalk and links to pages for specific mathematical operators (+, -, *, and other operators) and other useful concepts such as comparisons and logical operators.
SenseTalk's arithmetic commands and functions also provide useful tools for working with numbers. Arithmetic Commands can be used to modify numeric values stored in containers. These commands perform the same arithmetic functions as the +, -, *, and / operators. The difference is that these commands take one of their operands from a container and store the result of the calculation back into that container. Arithmetic Functions operate on numbers. You can use these functions to manipulate numbers in a variety of ways.
In a topic related to arithmetic calculations, Points and Rectangles describes how SenseTalk understands the concepts of geometric points and rectangles. Any list of two numbers, or a text string consisting of two numbers separated by a comma, can be treated as a point. The functions explained on the Points and Rectangles page can be used to extract the various component values of a point or rectangle.
Arithmetic Commands
There are four arithmetic commands:
Use them to modify values stored in containers. These commands perform the same arithmetic functions as the +, -, *, and / operators. The difference is that these commands take one of their operands from a container and store the result of the calculation back into that container.
Add Command
Behavior: Use the add command when you want to add a number to the value in a container, replacing the value in the container by the sum. Lists of values can be added, provided that both the source and destination lists contain the same number of items. Each item from the source list is added to the corresponding item of the destination container. NumExpr is a source expression. It can be a number, any formula, or another container. Chunk is a chunk expression describing part of a container (lines, words, items, or characters). Container is any container.
Syntax:
add numExpr to {chunk of} container
Reading Syntax Definitions
Syntax definitions for language elements follow these formatting guidelines:
- boldface: Indicates words and characters that must be typed exactly
- italic: Indicates expressions or other variable elements
- {} (curly braces): Indicate optional elements.
- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Example:
add amount to dollarsVariable
Example:
add 37 to item 2 of line 3 of scores
Example:
add speed * time to item 1 of distances
Example:
add [10,5] to centerPoint
Related: the subtract command
Subtract Command
Behavior: Use the subtract command when you want to subtract a number from the value in a container, replacing the value in the container by the result. Lists of values can be subtracted, provided that both the source and destination lists contain the same number of items. Each item from the source list is subtracted from the corresponding item of the destination container. NumExpr is a source expression. It can be a number, any formula, or another container. Chunk is a chunk expression describing part of a container (lines, words, items, or characters). Container is any container.
Syntax:
subtract numExpr from {chunk of} container
Reading Syntax Definitions
Syntax definitions for language elements follow these formatting guidelines:
- boldface: Indicates words and characters that must be typed exactly
- italic: Indicates expressions or other variable elements
- {} (curly braces): Indicate optional elements.
- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Example:
subtract checkAmt from accountBalance
Example:
subtract 1 from property CountDown of gameController
Example:
subtract rate * pmt from line 4 of amortization
Example:
subtract [1,2] from boxDimensions
Related: Add Command
Multiply Command
Behavior: Use the multiply command when you want to multiply a value in a container by another number, replacing the value in the container by the product. Lists of values can be multiplied, provided that both the source and destination lists contain the same number of items, or that the source is a single value. Each item in the destination container is multiplied by the corresponding item of the source list, or by the source value. NumExpr is a source expression. It can be a number, any formula, or another container. Chunk is a chunk expression describing part of a container (lines, words, items, or characters). Container is any container.
Syntax:
multiply {chunk of} container by numExpr
Reading Syntax Definitions
Syntax definitions for language elements follow these formatting guidelines:
- boldface: Indicates words and characters that must be typed exactly
- italic: Indicates expressions or other variable elements
- {} (curly braces): Indicate optional elements.
- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Example:
multiply score by weightingFactor
Example:
multiply accountBalance by 1 + interestRate
Example:
multiply item 3 of line x of table by 2
Related: Divide Command
Divide Command
Behavior: Use the divide command when you want to divide a value in a container by another number, replacing the value in the container by the quotient. Lists of values can be divided, provided that both the source and destination lists contain the same number of items, or that the source is a single value. Each item in the destination container is divided by the corresponding item of the source list, or by the source value. NumExpr is a source expression. It can be a number, any formula, or another container. Chunk is a chunk expression describing part of a container (lines, words, items, or characters). Container is any container.
Syntax:
divide {chunk of} container by numExpr
Reading Syntax Definitions
Syntax definitions for language elements follow these formatting guidelines:
- boldface: Indicates words and characters that must be typed exactly
- italic: Indicates expressions or other variable elements
- {} (curly braces): Indicate optional elements.
- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Example:
divide score by totalCount
Example:
divide item 1 of balances by 12
Related: Multiply Command
Arithmetic Functions
Use these functions to manipulate numbers.
abs function
Behavior: Returns the absolute value of its numeric parameter. The absolute value is the magnitude of a number regardless of its sign — it is always positive or zero.
Syntax:
the abs of numFactor
abs(numExpr)
Reading Syntax Definitions
Syntax definitions for language elements follow these formatting guidelines:
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- italic: Indicates expressions or other variable elements
- {} (curly braces): Indicate optional elements.
- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Example:
Example:
if height is a negative number then put abs(height) into height
annuity function
Behavior: Calculates the present value of an ordinary annuity with payments of one unit, based on the specified interest rate per period and the number of periods.
Syntax:
annuity(interest, periods)
Reading Syntax Definitions
Syntax definitions for language elements follow these formatting guidelines:
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- {} (curly braces): Indicate optional elements.
- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Example:
Related: the compound function
ATan Function
Behavior: Returns the trigonometric arctangent of its parameter as an angle expressed in radians.
Syntax:
the atan of numFactor
atan(numExpr)
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- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Example:
Average Function
Behavior: Returns the average of its parameters. numList may either be a list of numbers, an expression which evaluates to a list of numbers separated by commas, or a combination of these, nested to any depth.
Syntax:
{the} average of numList
average(numList)
Reading Syntax Definitions
Syntax definitions for language elements follow these formatting guidelines:
- boldface: Indicates words and characters that must be typed exactly
- italic: Indicates expressions or other variable elements
- {} (curly braces): Indicate optional elements.
- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Example:
Example:
if the average of [x,y,z] is greater than z then
put "Z is below average!"
end if
Related: the median function
Compound Function
Behavior: Computes the principal plus accrued interest on an investment of 1 unit, based on the specified interest rate and the number of periods.
Syntax:
compound(interest, periods)
Reading Syntax Definitions
Syntax definitions for language elements follow these formatting guidelines:
- boldface: Indicates words and characters that must be typed exactly
- italic: Indicates expressions or other variable elements
- {} (curly braces): Indicate optional elements.
- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Example:
Example:
put initialInvestment * compound(6.7%, 12) into currentValue
Related: the annuity function
Cos Function
Behavior: Returns the trigonometric cosine of its parameter, which is an angle expressed in radians.
Syntax:
{the} cos of numFactor
cos(numExpr)
Reading Syntax Definitions
Syntax definitions for language elements follow these formatting guidelines:
- boldface: Indicates words and characters that must be typed exactly
- italic: Indicates expressions or other variable elements
- {} (curly braces): Indicate optional elements.
- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Example:
Cube Root Function
Behavior: Computes the cube root of its parameter.
Syntax:
put cube root(number)
put the cube root of number
Reading Syntax Definitions
Syntax definitions for language elements follow these formatting guidelines:
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- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Example:
Example:
Exp Function
Behavior: Returns the natural exponential of its parameter (that is, the mathematical constant e raised to the power of the parameter).
Syntax:
{the} exp of numFactor
exp(numExpr)
Reading Syntax Definitions
Syntax definitions for language elements follow these formatting guidelines:
- boldface: Indicates words and characters that must be typed exactly
- italic: Indicates expressions or other variable elements
- {} (curly braces): Indicate optional elements.
- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Example:
Exp1 Function
Behavior: Returns one less than the natural exponential of its parameter (that is, the mathematical constant e raised to the power of the parameter, minus 1).
Syntax:
{the} exp1 of numFactor
exp1(numExpr)
Reading Syntax Definitions
Syntax definitions for language elements follow these formatting guidelines:
- boldface: Indicates words and characters that must be typed exactly
- italic: Indicates expressions or other variable elements
- {} (curly braces): Indicate optional elements.
- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Example:
exp2 function
Behavior: Returns 2 raised to the power of its parameter.
Syntax:
{the} exp2 of numFactor
exp2(numExpr)
Reading Syntax Definitions
Syntax definitions for language elements follow these formatting guidelines:
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- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Example:
Frac Function
Behavior: Returns the fractional part of a number. Use the trunc function to get the whole number part of a value. The trunc and frac functions are defined such that trunc(x) + frac(x) is always equal to x.
Syntax:
{the} frac of numFactor
frac(numExpr)
Reading Syntax Definitions
Syntax definitions for language elements follow these formatting guidelines:
- boldface: Indicates words and characters that must be typed exactly
- italic: Indicates expressions or other variable elements
- {} (curly braces): Indicate optional elements.
- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Example:
Related: the trunc function
Ln Function
Behavior: Returns the natural logarithm of its parameter.
Syntax:
{the} ln of numFactor
ln(numExpr)
Reading Syntax Definitions
Syntax definitions for language elements follow these formatting guidelines:
- boldface: Indicates words and characters that must be typed exactly
- italic: Indicates expressions or other variable elements
- {} (curly braces): Indicate optional elements.
- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Examples
Ln1 Function
Behavior: Returns the natural logarithm of 1 more than its parameter.
Syntax:
{the} ln1 of numFactor
ln1(numExpr)
Reading Syntax Definitions
Syntax definitions for language elements follow these formatting guidelines:
- boldface: Indicates words and characters that must be typed exactly
- italic: Indicates expressions or other variable elements
- {} (curly braces): Indicate optional elements.
- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Example:
Log2 Function
Behavior: Returns the base 2 logarithm of its parameter.
Syntax:
{the} log2 of numFactor
log2(numExpr)
Reading Syntax Definitions
Syntax definitions for language elements follow these formatting guidelines:
- boldface: Indicates words and characters that must be typed exactly
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- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Example:
Maximum, Max, HighestValue, LargestValue Functions
Behavior: Returns the highest number from a list. The maximum function may be abbreviated as max. numList may be a list of numbers, an expression which evaluates to a list of numbers separated by commas, or a combination of these, nested to any depth.
Syntax:
{the} max{imum} of numList
max{imum}(numList)
Reading Syntax Definitions
Syntax definitions for language elements follow these formatting guidelines:
- boldface: Indicates words and characters that must be typed exactly
- italic: Indicates expressions or other variable elements
- {} (curly braces): Indicate optional elements.
- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Example:
Example:
if the maximum of [x,y,z] is z then
put "Z is the greatest!"
end if
Example:
put largestValue of [2,23,45,76]
Example:
put highestValue of [3,9,13,21,42]
Related: the minimum function
Median Function
Behavior: Returns the median (middle value) of its parameters, or the average of the two middle values. numList may either be a list of numbers, an expression which evaluates to a list of numbers separated by commas, or a combination of these, nested to any depth. If numList contains an odd number of numbers, the median is the middle value of the sorted list of numbers, otherwise it is the average of the two middle values.
Syntax:
{the} median of numList
median(numList)
Reading Syntax Definitions
Syntax definitions for language elements follow these formatting guidelines:
- boldface: Indicates words and characters that must be typed exactly
- italic: Indicates expressions or other variable elements
- {} (curly braces): Indicate optional elements.
- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Example:
Example:
put the median of "2,7,8,10"
Related: the average function
Minimum, Min, LowestValue, SmallestValue Functions
Behavior: Returns the lowest number from a list. The minimum function may be abbreviated as min. numList may be a list of numbers, an expression which evaluates to a list of numbers separated by commas, or a combination of these, nested to any depth.
Syntax:
{
the}
min{
imum}
of numListmin{imum}(numList)
Reading Syntax Definitions
Syntax definitions for language elements follow these formatting guidelines:
- boldface: Indicates words and characters that must be typed exactly
- italic: Indicates expressions or other variable elements
- {} (curly braces): Indicate optional elements.
- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Example:
Example:
if the min of [x,y,z] is z then put "Z is the smallest!"
Example:
put lowestValue of [3,9,13,21,42]
Example:
put smallestValue of [9,13,21,56,72]
Related: the maximum function
Random Function
Behavior: Returns a randomly generated integer between 1 and the value of its parameter, or between two values.
Syntax:
{
the}
random of numFactorrandom(numExpr {, secondExpr} )
Reading Syntax Definitions
Syntax definitions for language elements follow these formatting guidelines:
- boldface: Indicates words and characters that must be typed exactly
- italic: Indicates expressions or other variable elements
- {} (curly braces): Indicate optional elements.
- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Example:
Example:
Example:
put (random(100) / 100) into randomPercentage
Related: Reset Random Command
Reset Random Command
Behavior: Resets the random number generator sequence used by the random function and whenever SenseTalk selects things at random. By setting a specific seedExpr value for the random number generator, you can obtain a repeatable sequence of "random" events. This can be very useful for testing purposes. Use the reset random command without a seed value to get an unpredictable sequence.
Syntax:
reset random {{with | from} {seed} seedExpr}
Reading Syntax Definitions
Syntax definitions for language elements follow these formatting guidelines:
- boldface: Indicates words and characters that must be typed exactly
- italic: Indicates expressions or other variable elements
- {} (curly braces): Indicate optional elements.
- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Example:
reset random with seed 27
Example:
Example:
reset random 2
repeat 10 times
put 1..10 into NumberRange
put any item of NumberRange into ReplaceitemNumber
log ReplaceitemNumber
end repeat
Round Function
Behavior: Returns the value of its parameter rounded to the nearest whole number. An optional second parameter may be supplied to specify the number of decimal places to round to. A negative number of places will round to the left of the decimal point.
Syntax:
{
the}
round of numFactorround(numExpr, decimalPlaces)
Reading Syntax Definitions
Syntax definitions for language elements follow these formatting guidelines:
- boldface: Indicates words and characters that must be typed exactly
- italic: Indicates expressions or other variable elements
- {} (curly braces): Indicate optional elements.
- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Example:
Example:
Example:
Example:
Related:
RoundToNearest function
Behavior: Returns the value of its first parameter rounded to the nearest whole multiple of its second parameter.
Syntax:
roundToNearest(numExpr, nearestMultiple)
Reading Syntax Definitions
Syntax definitions for language elements follow these formatting guidelines:
- boldface: Indicates words and characters that must be typed exactly
- italic: Indicates expressions or other variable elements
- {} (curly braces): Indicate optional elements.
- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Example:
put roundToNearest(643,100)
Example:
put roundToNearest(643,25)
Related:
Sin Function
Behavior: Returns the trigonometric sine of its parameter, which is an angle expressed in radians.
Syntax:
{the} sin of numFactor
sin(numExpr)
Reading Syntax Definitions
Syntax definitions for language elements follow these formatting guidelines:
- boldface: Indicates words and characters that must be typed exactly
- italic: Indicates expressions or other variable elements
- {} (curly braces): Indicate optional elements.
- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Example:
Square Root , SqRt function
Behavior: Returns the square root of its parameter.
Syntax:
{the} square root of numFactor
{the} sqrt of numFactor)
sqrt(numExpr)
Reading Syntax Definitions
Syntax definitions for language elements follow these formatting guidelines:
- boldface: Indicates words and characters that must be typed exactly
- italic: Indicates expressions or other variable elements
- {} (curly braces): Indicate optional elements.
- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Example:
Example:
put the square root of nine
Sum Function
Behavior: Returns the sum of its parameters. numList may be a list of numbers, an expression which evaluates to a list of numbers separated by commas, or a combination of these, nested to any depth.
Syntax:
{the} sum of numList
sum(numList)
Reading Syntax Definitions
Syntax definitions for language elements follow these formatting guidelines:
- boldface: Indicates words and characters that must be typed exactly
- italic: Indicates expressions or other variable elements
- {} (curly braces): Indicate optional elements.
- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Example:
put sum("8,1", [10,11], 12)
Example:
if the sum of [x,y,z] is more than 100 then
put "The sum exceeds 100"
end if
Tan Function
Behavior: Returns the trigonometric tangent of its parameter, which is an angle expressed in radians.
Syntax:
{the} tan of numFactor
tan(numExpr)
Reading Syntax Definitions
Syntax definitions for language elements follow these formatting guidelines:
- boldface: Indicates words and characters that must be typed exactly
- italic: Indicates expressions or other variable elements
- {} (curly braces): Indicate optional elements.
- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Example:
Trunc Function
Behavior: Truncates a number, returning the integer part of its parameter, and discarding any fractional part. Use the frac function to get the fractional part of a value. The trunc and frac functions are defined such that trunc(x) + frac(x) is always equal to x.
Syntax:
{the} trunc of numFactor
trunc(numExpr)
Reading Syntax Definitions
Syntax definitions for language elements follow these formatting guidelines:
- boldface: Indicates words and characters that must be typed exactly
- italic: Indicates expressions or other variable elements
- {} (curly braces): Indicate optional elements.
- [] (square brackets) separated by | (vertical pipes): Indicate alternative options where one or the other can be used, but not both.
Example syntax:
In this example, "open file" is required and must be typed exactly. "fileName" is a variable element; it is the path to and name of the file being opened. The following expression is optional and indicates why the file is being opened. If this expression is added, "for" is required and must be typed exactly. One of the following must be included, but only one, and they also must be typed exactly: "reading", "writing", "readwrite", "appending", or "updating".
open file fileName { for [reading | writing | readwrite | appending | updating] }
Note: SenseTalk is not case-sensitive.
Example:
Example:
Related: the frac function
This topic was last updated on August 19, 2021, at 03:30:51 PM.
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