Mathematical Operators
SenseTalk provides a number of mathematical operators. They are outlined below.
+
, Plus
Operators
Behavior: Adds two numbers or lists of numbers.
Syntax:
operand1 + operand2
operand1 plus operand2
Example:
put 12 + 97 into someSum
Example:
put a squared plus b squared into sumOfSquares
Example:
put [12,8] + [4,7] into vectorSum
-
, Minus
Operators
Behavior: Subtracts one number or list of numbers from another. Subtracting one date/time from another will give the difference as a time interval, measured in seconds.
Syntax:
operand1 - operand2
operand1 minus operand2
Example:
put c^2 - sumOfSquares into difference
Example:
put (1,3,5,6) - (1,1,0,2) into diffList
*
, Times
, Multiplied By
Operators
Behavior: Multiplies two numbers or lists, or multiplies a list by a scalar. When used with two lists of equal length, the result will be a series of products of the corresponding elements of the two lists. When one operand is a list and the other is a single (scalar) value, the result is a list of values obtained by multiplying each original list element by the scalar value.
Syntax:
operand1 * operand2
operand1 times operand2
operand1 multiplied by operand2
Example:
put 2 * radius into diameter
Example:
put pi times diameter into circumference
Example:
put [1,2,3,4] * [2,2,1,3] --> [2,4,3,12]
Example:
put [1,2,3,4] * 4 --> [4,8,12,16]
Example:
put 7 multiplied by 3 --> 21
/
, Divided By
Operators
Behavior: Divides one number or list by another, or divides a list by a scalar. The result is a quotient that may not be a whole number. Compare this to the div
operator, which yields a whole number. When used with two lists of equal length, the result will be a series of quotients of the corresponding elements of the two lists. When the first operand is a list and the second is a single (scalar) value, the result is a list of values obtained by dividing each list element by the scalar value. If the second operand is zero, this operator will return the value infinity
, displayed as Inf
. Using an infinite value in other calculations will generally give expected results.
Syntax:
operand1 / operand2
operand1 divided by operand2
Example:
put pi / 2 into halfPi
Example:
put [1,2,3,4] / [2,1,1,2] --> [0.5,2,3,2]
Example:
put [2,4,5,8] / 2 --> [1,2,2.5,4]
^
, To The Power Of
, Squared
, Cubed
Operators
Behavior: Raises a number to a given power.
Syntax:
operand1 ^ operand2
operand1 to the power of operand2
operand1 squared
operand1 cubed
Example:
put a squared + b squared into sumOfSquares
Example:
put 6 * x^4 - 2 * y^3 into z
%
, Percent
Operator
Behavior: Treats a number as a percentage, or computes add-on or discount percentages. In its simple form, %
following a value divides that value by 100 (so 6%
is the same as .06
). However, if %
is used following a +
or -
operator, the corresponding percent of the value to the left of that operator will be increased or decreased by the specified percent.
Syntax:
factor %
factor percent
value [ + | - | plus | minus ] factor [ % | percent ]
Example:
put 4% --> .04
Example:
put 50 * 4% --> 2
Example:
put 50 + 4% --> 52
Example:
put 50 - 4% --> 48
Example:
put sales plus ten percent into projectedSales
Div
Operator
Behavior: Divides one number by another, giving the result as an integer. The companion rem
operator can be used to find the remainder of such an operation. Division by zero will yield the result Inf
.
Syntax:
operand1 div operand2
Example:
put cookieCount div numberOfPeople into cookiesForEach
Rem
Operator
Behavior: Calculates the integer remainder of a division. This is the complement of the div
operator. The result of the rem
operator will always have the same sign as its first operand.
Syntax:
operand1 rem operand2
Example:
put cookieCount rem numberOfPeople into extrasForMe
Modulo
, Mod
Operators
Behavior: Performs the mathematical modulo operation. Obtains the amount by which one number exceeds the next-lower even multiple of another. The modulo
operator is different from the rem
operator, which gives the remainder of an integer division. When both operands are positive integers, rem
and modulo
will yield the same results. Negative numbers and non-integer values are treated much differently by the two operators, however.
Syntax:
operand1 modulo operand2
operand1 mod operand2
Example:
put someValue mod modulusValue into extrasForMe
Is a Multiple Of
, Is Divisible By
Operators
Behavior: These operators check whether one number is an exact multiple of another. That is, if the result of dividing one by the other would result in a whole number with no remainder.
Syntax:
value is {not} {a | an} {exact | even} multiple of divisor
value is {not} {exactly | evenly} divisible by divisor
Example:
put 2895 is a multiple of 5 --> True
Example:
put 169 is divisible by 13 --> True
Example:
put 98.6 is an exact multiple of 3.14 --> False
Example:
if cookieCount is evenly divisible by numberOfPeople then put "Hooray!"
Rounded To
, Rounded to Nearest
Operators
Behavior: Rounds a value to a number of decimal places, or to the nearest multiple of another value. Also rounds to a unit name or to a variable whose value is a unit name. These operators provide an alternate syntax for calling the round()
and roundToNearest()
functions (see Arithmetic Calculations).
Syntax:
value rounded {to} numberOfPlaces {{decimal} places}
value rounded to {the} nearest {multiple of} nearestMultiple
value rounded to {the} nearest unit
Example:
put 123.4567 rounded to 2 places --> 123.46
Example:
put 123.4567 rounded -1 decimal places --> 120
Example:
put 98.6 rounded to the nearest multiple of 3.14 --> 97.34
Example:
put total rounded to nearest .25 into amountDue
Example:
put 12.345 meters rounded to the nearest foot --> 41 feet
But at Least
, But No Less Than
, But At Most
, But No More Than
Operators
Behavior: Limits a number to a minimum or maximum value.
Syntax:
operand but at least value
operand but no less than value
operand but at most value
operand but no more than value
Example:
set highScore to largest value in scores but at most 100
Example:
set lowScore to rawScore - 9 but no less than zero
Example:
set volume to myVolume but no more than 11
Example:
set roomCapacity to sizeLimit but at least 123
BitNot
, BitAnd
, BitOr
, BitXOr
, BitShift
Operators
Behavior: Performs operations on the individual bits of a number. Operands are treated as integers composed of 64 bits or fewer, as set by the bitLength
global property.
BitNot
: Reverses each of the bits of a number, with 0's becoming 1's and 1's becoming 0's.BitAnd
: Compares each bit of operand1 to the corresponding bit of operand2 to generate a bit in the result. When both bits are 1's the result is 1, otherwise the result is 0.BitOr
: Compares each bit of operand1 to the corresponding bit of operand2 to generate a bit in the result.- When both bits are 0's the result is 0.
- When either or both bits are 1's the result is 1.
BitXOr
: Compares each bit of operand1 to the corresponding bit of operand2 to generate a bit in the result.- When both bits are 0's or both bits are 1's, the result is 0.
- When exactly one of the bits is 1, the result is 1.
BitShift
operator: Shifts all the bits in a number by the specified number of bits to the right or left. Ifright
orleft
is not specified:- A positive number shifts bits to the right.
- A negative number shifts bits to the left.
Syntax:
bitNot {of} operand
operand1 bitAnd operand2
operand1 bitOr operand2
operand1 bitXOr operand2
operand bitShift {left | right} shiftAmount
Example:
set the numberFormat to "binary8" // Display numbers in binary as eight digits
put bitNot 0b00011011 --> 0b11100100
put 0b00010101 bitAnd 0b00111100 --> 0b00010100
put 0b00010101 bitOr 0b00111100 --> 0b00111101
put 0b00010101 bitXOr 0b00111100 --> 0b00101001
put 0b00010101 bitShift left 2 --> 0b01010100
Bit
Expression, Bit
Function
Behavior: Gives access to or sets an individual bit within a number. The source value is treated as an integer composed of 64 bits or fewer, as set by the bitLength
global property.
A bit
expression is a container, which allows you to:
- Get the value of an individual bit within a number, either
0
or1
, orTrue
orFalse
. - Set the value of an individual bit within a number to either
0
or1
,On
orOff
,Yes
orNo
,True
orFalse
, when thesourceValue
is a variable or other container.
In a 64-bit number, bit 1 is the low-order bit, and bit 64 is the high-order bit.
You can also use a bit
expression as a boolean, for example, as the conditional in an if
statement.
Syntax: Use either
bit
expression, orbit
function syntax (with parentheses).
bit bitNumber of sourceValue
bit( bitNumber ) of sourceValue
sourceValue .bit( bitNumber ) sourceValue's bit( bitNumber )
Examples:
put bit 3 of 0b100110 --> 1
if bit(1) of 543 then put "It's an odd number!" --> It's an odd number!
set flags to 0b100000
put flags.bit(2) --> 0
set flags.bit(2) to yes
turn on bit 3 of flags
put flags --> 0b100110